Signs of depression

How to recognise signs of depression in a friend or relative

We have a guide to 'symptoms of' depression and 'signs of' depression, you may wonder what is the difference? Well in this the 'signs of' depression guide we look at what you may recognise in a friend or relative with depression, this is quite different from the 'symptoms' they may suffer. You can find our symptoms of depression guide here.

If you notice a change in the mood or behaviour of a friend or family member, you may wonder if he or she could be depressed. Here are some of the signs.

You may notice that your friend:

always appears to be sad or anxious
shows a loss of self-confidence and self-esteem
appears restless and agitated
is unable to enjoy things that are usually pleasurable
has difficulty concentrating, remembering details or making decisions
feels guilty, worthless and/or helplessness
admits to sleeping problems – insomnia, waking up much earlier than usual, or sleeping too much
avoids other people, sometimes even close friends and family
finds it hard to function at work/college/school
either overeats or has lost their appetite
has persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps or digestive problems
has thoughts about suicide and death.

(Symptoms list from the National Institute of Mental Health)

Signs of depression in teenagers and young people

In young people and teenagers, depression may be displayed as feelings of hopelessness or irritation with people and situations. Teenagers are more likely to display symptoms of depression as irritability or anger at the world and those around them. Signs of depression may include moodiness, hostility, frustration or angry outbursts. (Some teens and young people, though, will be more clingy and dependent – the symptoms will vary from person to person, also depending on age and personal situation.) The risk is that these outward signs of depression will be overlooked or taken as part of temperamental teenage behaviour – rather than something more serious.

Depressed teens may be extremely sensitive to criticism, as they can be already experiencing feelings of worthlessness and low self-esteem. Teenagers may also show physical signs of depression, such as unexplained aches and pains, headaches or stomach pains. The majority of young people and teenagers suffering depression will lose interest in academic work and show a decline in grades.

Some young people dwell on and talk about death – this can be expected in those grieving the death of someone close, but can be a warning sign in the case of those not experiencing a loss.

Signs of depression in the elderly

You may notice cognitive signs of depression in an elderly friend or relative, such as forgetfulness or confusion. The elderly may also display more physical signs of depression, such as fatigue or chronic pain and feeling generally anxious. You may observe other signs of depression in the elderly, such as: